Communication Barriers in Workplace - 1252 Words

Communication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. What are the Communication Barriers in the Workplace? Difference in Perception No two people can perceive an event in the same way. What I infer from a particular incident, the other will not necessarily perceive the same. This can act as a major communication barrier because what I convey to a subordinate or colleague will be based on my perception and what he understands from it will be based on his. If the two viewpoints end up differing, it could cause the task at†¦show more content†¦In the current workplace, co-workers can sometimes be from different countries and continents. If you interact with others who have language issues, with English as their second language, the potential for miscommunication expands geometrically. Leading employee training seminars is even more challenging. You are expected to dispense important information, ensure that your audience understands your presentation, and converts your words into efficient, productive action in the workplace. You must bridge the language gap to achieve your training goal. The more technical or conceptual the worker interaction, the more important - and difficult - building the language bridge becomes. While converting all the subtle nuances of your native language to another person with a different native language is impossible in the short-term, you must be as clear as possible to convey the complete essence of your conversation. Here are some specific tips to build your communications bridge successfully. Language Bridge Building Tips Adjust your â€Å"language level† to fit your audience or listener. Learn about the understanding level of your listeners and adjust your speech to match their comprehension competency. Not only will your listeners appreciate your consideration, your words will be better understood. Workplace communications depend on comprehension for effective operations. In these language situations, theShow MoreRelatedCommunication Barriers in the Workplace1113 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication barriers in the workplace Communication is the conveyance and flow of ideas from one person to another. The exchange of information takes place through letters, words, symbols and nonverbal behaviors. It involves the transmission of ideas from the sender to the receiver. Communication is effective only if the receiver fully understands the transmitted information. Many problems and failures occur in organizations due to poor communication. Objective and goals fail due to misunderstandingsRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoachingRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pageseffective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or another. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the barriersRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Essential For Success1222 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Effective Communication skills are essential for success in every organization. Individuals today in the workplace need to effectively communicate with employees, customers and potential clients. Effective and clear communication if not delivered in the right manner could be interpreted by the receiver and have a negative impact. There are many barriers that can effect a conversation such as cultural differences, gender and environment. Employees can learn how to adapt in differentRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace And How Communication Is The Driving Force Behind It Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity in the workplace and how communication is the driving force behind it. Workplace diversity can be described as â€Å"all the differences in age, gender, sexual orientation, education, cultural background, religion, and life experience† (Okora Washington, 2012, as cited in Mulkeen, 2008). Another functional definition of diversity is being cultural, racial, or se x-based. An organization’s definition and viewpoint concerning diversity guides the strength of its employees to connect and communicateRead MoreCommunication For Effective Leadership At The Workplace859 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication for Effective Leadership Everyday in the workplace a person must interact with others in various forms of communication to complete their day. A leader must be able to strategically communicate with their employees, as well as overcome any communication barriers, in order to achieve a high-performance rate in the workplace. An example of a scenario that requires diplomatic communication, in my case, is a loss of work ethic amongst team members. Communication Strategies CommunicationRead MoreMotivation, Stress, and Communication1713 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Motivation, Stress and Communication: As part of analyzing motivation, stress, and communication in the workplace, I have selected the position of human service manager in United Way of Central Indiana. The company is located in Indianapolis and focuses on helping to sustain significant services for people in need of help and preventing the occurrence of such needs for future generations. United Way of Central Indiana has two major priorities that are centered on providing important human servicesRead MoreMid-Module Communications Assignment. In This Assignment,1636 Words   |  7 PagesMid-module Communications assignment In this assignment, I am looking at communications in several different ways. These are to, Understand the importance of the role of communication in the workplace; Understand how barriers to communication can impact upon an organisation meeting goals and objectives; Understand how barriers to communication impact upon an individual and a team meeting their goals and objective; Understand how strategies for overcoming barriers to communication can assist in meetingRead MoreCommunication For Diversity, Gender Barriers, And Tools For Managers854 Words   |  4 PagesThis particular article entitled â€Å"Communication for Diversity†, talked about three specific things: Global communication barriers, Gender communication barriers, and tools for managers to overcome barriers. Managing a diverse workforce that is spread widely, presents unique challenges for today’s managers. Despite many obstacles, managers must be sensitive to various cultural values and traditions associated with the employees they manage. For instance, â€Å"Japanese culture favors consensus decision-makingRead MoreAnalyse the Barriers and Challenges to Communication Within Own Job Role669 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role Effective Communication is significant and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. If people dont communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level which can create conflict. Depending on the position in workplace, others will have expectations

Rock Island Union Prison

In August 1863, United States Army began construction of the Rock Island Prison. Located on an Island between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois, the prison was designed to house captured Confederate Army soldiers. The plan was to build 84 barracks with each one housing 120 prisoners along with their own kitchen.  The stockade fence was 12 feet high. There was a sentry placed every one hundred feet with only two openings to get inside. The prison was to be built on 12 acres of the 946 acres that encompassed the island. The First Prisoners In December 1863, the yet unfinished Rock Island Prison received its first prisoners who had been captured by General Ulysses S. Grant troops during  the Battle of Lookout Mountain,  in Chattanooga, Tennessee. While the first group numbered 468, by the end of the month the prison population would exceed 5000 captured Confederate soldiers, some of them also having been captured at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee. Temperatures were below zero degrees Fahrenheit in December 1963 when those first prisoners arrived. The temperature would be reported as low as thirty-two degrees below zero at times during for the rest of that first winter.   Disease and Malnutrition at Rock Island Since the construction of the prison was not completed when the first Confederate prisoner’s arrived, sanitation and disease, especially a smallpox outbreak, were issues at that time.  As a response,  in the spring of 1864, the Union Army built a hospital and installed a sewer system which helped improve conditions inside the prison walls immediately, as well as ending the smallpox epidemic. In June 1864, Rock Island Prison severely changed the amount of rations that prisoners received due to how Andersonville Prison was treating Union Army soldiers who were prisoners. This change in rations resulted in both malnutrition and scurvy which led to the death of Confederate prisoners at the Rock Island Prison facility. During the time  that Rock Island was in operation, it housed over 12,000 Confederate soldiers of which nearly 2000 died, but although many claim that  Rock Island was comparable to the Confederate’s Andersonville Prison from an inhumane standpoint only seventeen percent of their prisoners died compared to twenty-seven percent of Andersonville’s total population. In addition, Rock Island had enclosed barracks versus the man-made tents or totally being in the elements as was the case in Andersonville. Prison Escapes A total of forty-one prisoners escaped and were not recaptured. One of the largest escapes occurred in June 1864 when several prisoners tunneled their way out. The last two were caught as they came out of the tunnel and another three were caught while still on the island. One escapee drowned while swimming across the Mississippi River, but another six successfully made it across. Within a couple of days, four of those were re-captured by Union forces but two were able to completely elude capture. Rock Island Closes The Rock Island Prison closed in July 1865 and the prison was totally destroyed shortly thereafter.  In 1862, the United States Congress established an arsenal on Rock Island and today it is our country’s largest government operated arsenal that encompasses almost the entire island. It is now called Arsenal Island. The only remaining evidence that there was a prison that held Confederate soldiers during the Civil War is the Confederate Cemetery where approximately 1950 prisoners are buried. Additionally, the Rock Island National Cemetery is also located on the island, where the remains of at least 150 Union guards are interred, as well as over 18,000 Union soldiers.

IN WHAT WAYS DOES KATNISS EVERDEEN CHALLENGE OR CONFIRM...

The question of whether Katniss Everdeen, of The Hunger Games, confirms or challenges the idea of an archetypal hero is one debated worldwide. Throughout the novel, written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss demonstrates qualities and undertakes actions which are, without a doubt, heroic. However, whether or not this makes her a hero is dependent upon who you are asking; many characters in the novel would have very different ideas as to what a hero is. Also, although Katniss may come off as a hero many times in the book, she also challenges that title in countless instances with less-than-heroic actions and thoughts. So is Katniss Everdeen a hero? Through her actions, thoughts and personality, Katniss both confirms and challenges the idea of a†¦show more content†¦For example, President Snows opinion on heroism would be very different to the likes of Gales. President Snow, the megalomaniacal and cruel ruler of the Capitol, would think a hero to be a follower; a mere sheep, someone who does Snows bidding and doesnt question the tyrannical rule of which they live under. Snows hero would find honour and sacrifice in the hunger games, would play the game with pride; Gales hero would be almost the polar opposite, Gales hero would be a rebel; someone to fight the Capitols oppression or the districts, a symbol of equality and justice. And in all of this, does Katniss stand? She doesnt conform fully to either of these conceptions of a hero; she is, as some would say, sitting on the fence. In a way, Katniss is President Snows hero, as she plays the game; she builds for herself a hunger games identity, and she kills other contestants- she does what is almost mandatory to survive in the games. In another way, Katniss rebels against the games, and it is in these moments that Katniss is Gales idea of a hero. She defies the games by giving Rue a dignified and proper burial- she refuses to let Rue die as cattle, and in doing so exhibits the heroic and rebellious qualities t hat Gales hero would possess. Katniss Everdeen doesnt fully conform to anybodys idea of a hero. Many would argue, however, that she very much confirms the idea of a archetypal hero; yet a lot of people would

Conceptualizing the Rainbow free essay sample

This paper attempts to answer the question, can blind people conceptualize color? This paper analyzes the question through philosophical, medical, and semantic rationale. It shows why many would argue against the fact that blind people can technically visualize color, but it also contends that many blind people have vividly described color and the how it effects all the senses. The question at hand is, Do blind people (from birth) have a concept of color? In answering this fairly, I must be extremely careful not to think myself superior, nor to dare think that I know better what is happening inside the mind of my blind neighbor than she herself may do. However, this is a question that seems to have long plagued philosophy, and it remains a profound metaphor for the relationship between experience and understanding. Therefore, it must be approached with both an eye to the actual experiences and thoughts of those who have been born blind, and to the long held ideas of science and philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptualizing the Rainbow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Music industry as a cultural industry

Introduction The music industry normally deals with production and selling of pieces of music. It encompasses artistes, the firms and experts who produce and sell the recorded music. There are also concert promoters and agents, entertainment legal representatives, musical device producers, among others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Music industry as a cultural industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The term cultural industry refers to a range of establishments that generate, deal out and trade in merchandise that downrightly fall under imaginative arts. Examples of such merchandise include music, films and publications, among others. A cultural industry is normally a broad grouping of a given form of production. For instance, a music store selling records and albums provides work for salespeople, administrators and customers. The trade of these products relies on other cultural industry dealings. Musicians have to carry out their recordings, distributors need to vend the music and recording studios have to do their part. Firms tasked with production of all needed equipment like tapes and compact discs, among others are also counted in this industry. Music industry as a cultural industry Cultural creations are usually holders of distinctiveness, standards and significance and aspects of economic and societal improvement. The preservation and back up of cultural multiplicity directs to the promotion of the development of cultural industries that have the capability to cause an impact on a local and international scale. Cultural entities, as mentioned earlier, create and deal out cultural commodities or services which at any instance are deemed as a definite quality, exemplify and put across cultural expressions, just like music and its other related compositions. The music industry is already one of the most vibrant fields of the global economy and trade and is bound to grow even more with time, providing new business sides especially to the developing economies of the world. Any form of music that is produced in any given setting normally mirrors that society’s way of life and practices, which is basically their culture and ways of life. This music also serves to form that society by way of the practices of homogeneity and commoditization, coming up with commodities rather than subjects.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cultural industry’s aim is to meet the populace’s entertainment requirements just like the music industry. Normalized creations were initially obtained from the requirements of the end users and this is the reason as to why they usually encounter little or no resistance at all. In the real sense, a sequence of operation and retroactive requirement is fusing the music industry ever more firmly. Through the normalizing o f these requirements, the industry is influencing its products’ consumers to yearn for them even more. The end result is that mass production supplies a mass marketplace that diminishes the distinctiveness and likes of the particular end users who are as exchangeable as the commodities and services they require. The underlying principle of the premise is to enhance the liberation of the targeted end user from the oppression of the producers through the induction of the consumer to query given ideas, much in the same way as normal culture or the cultural industry. This form of clarification is intended to bring out pluralism. Anything that is made up by an individual is a manifestation of their efforts and an implication of their objectives. There is also a utilization value, which is normally obtained from the use. This is the case for both musical products and the general human cultures and ways of life. The trade worth for music usually is a reflection of its use and the st ate of the marketplace in question. The cultural industry blends the ancient and the recognizable in today’s world to come up with fresh and innovative creations. The same is the case with the music industry. In almost all the sectors involved, commodities that are meant for the use by masses and which themselves are responsible for their acceptance are normally produced to a large extent in accordance to a plan. The sectors by themselves have similarities in their framework and mostly bond into each other, resulting in an almost complete set up. This is as a result of modern-day technological abilities and cost-effective and organizational absorption. The cultural industry deliberately assimilates its subjects from the top. It compels the specialties of high and low abilities that are set apart for thousands if not millions of years, the same way as the music industry. The importance of high art is devastated by assumption concerning its effectiveness, the importance of the lower passes away with the progressive limits inflicted on the defiant confrontation intrinsic within it as much as societal control is not present in entirety.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Music industry as a cultural industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The masses are normally a thing of maneuver, an accessory of the whole process for both the cultural and music industries. The targeted end user is not actually the king; he or she is actually the object. This is despite the fact that the culture industry indisputably hypothesizes on the cognizant and incognizant state of the millions in the direction of which it is sent. Music normally spreads through the mass media like radios and television sets. The term mass-media that was in particular set up for the cultural industry and serves to imply an undamaging ground or venture. The cultural industry uses wrongly its concern for the populace in a bid to r eplicate, buttress and build up their frame of mind, which it believes is certain and unalterable. The way through which frame of mind might be transformed is left out all through. Just like in music, the targeted populace is not the gauge but the operation principles of the culture industry, nevertheless, both these industries can barely be in place minus being accustomed to the targeted masses. The cultural goods and services of both the music and cultural industries are ruled by the standard of their recognition as worth, and not by their being in possession of explicit substance and harmonious set up. The whole application of the cultural industry with the gain motivation is the same for the music industry. From the time when these industries first started to eke a living for their originators, there has never been looking back. In those times, gains were sought indirectly unlike later times and presently when the profit drive is not hidden in any way. The independence of work o f art like music was then corrupted by a combination of aspects and was normalized by the culture industry, the deliberate input of those in control notwithstanding. This was actually in a bid to land fresh opportunities for earning foreign exchange for various nations, but the major focus was in the first world nations at the time. The opportunities that these people had gotten accustomed to turned out to be more and more unstable as a consequence of the same application procedure which by it meant the culture industry was to continue with its all-pervading principle.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Just like music, culture in the real sense did not just contain itself to people but it at all times concurrently made an objection in opposition to the frightened associations under which they operated, and thus lived by them. Cultural bodies characteristic of this industry are not commodities any more, they are goods and services entirely. This budge definitely calls for completely new experiences. In the end, the cultural industry does not need to straightly be after the gains from which it arose. All the mentioned curiosities have ended up being externalized in their ideologies and have made themselves free of the persuasion to sell the cultural commodities which must be consumed up in the end anyway, for both these industries. These industries turn into public relations in utter disregard for specific entities or saleable commodities. Brought to the fore in this is a broad serious compromise, adverts made up for humanity, such that in the end each commodity of the industries tu rns into its own classified commercial. Nonetheless, all those qualities which initially stamped the alteration of literature into a product are upheld in this course. Both the music and cultural industries have their metaphysics, a set up of firmly conventional fundamental categories which can be brought together. What stands up as progress in both these industries as the relentlessly new which it provides is usually the disguise for an everlasting similarity; universally the alterations conceal a frame which has varied just a bit as the profit push factor itself from the initial instances. This means that the term industry is not to be taken for its literal meaning. It best refers to the normalization of the thing itself and not entirely to the production process. The aforementioned case prevails even in music, which is a core segment of the culture of any community or society, and the production course is similar to the technical forms of action in the broad division of labor and use of all machinery and other equipment involved. Just like the cultural industry, the music industry is majorly in place for the service of third persons, upholding its attraction to the diminishing distribution progression of funds, to the business from which it came into existence. Its main principle is about the use of the star method whose main operation principle is that the more inhuman its ways of maneuver and substance then the more meticulously and effectively the industry develops apparently great individuals and operates like a well-oiled machine. The cultural industry is industrial more in a sociological aspect in the integration of industrial forms of association even though nothing is physically produced. The idea of technique in the cultural industry is similar with technique in music production. The idea behind all these is mainly the internal organization of the object or commodity itself. Both these industries locate ideological back up accurately in so far as t hey effectively protect themselves from the full impending of the techniques embodied in their outcomes. They operate in a parasitic manner, from the practice of the substance production of commodities, with no regard for the requirement to the inner inventive whole entailed by its practicality. Both the music industry and cultural industry share the idea of aura, the being there of that which actually is absent. The culture industry does not counter poise another standard to that of aura, but somewhat by the reality that it preserves the festering aura. The same is the case with the music industry and by these means they bring to the fore their own ideological misuses. Conclusion It has in recent times become normal among cultural and musical top of the ladder persons as well as sociologists to caution against downplaying their specific industries at the same time emphasizing the great significance of these fields to humanity. As matter of fact, these industries are vital and whoev er ignores them would be really naà ¯ve. However, there is a misleading gleam concerning the caution to take them seriously. Due to the fact that these industries are majorly social, inquisitive queries about quality, about truths or falsehoods and about the aesthetics of the products from these fields, are usually suppressed. People raising these queries are pointed the finger at of seeking refuge in egotistical mystery. It would be wiser to initially point to the twofold implication of significance that slowly finds it way in without being seen. As much as it touches the lives of many individuals the purpose of something is not an assurance of its particular quality. The bringing together of aesthetics with enduring communicative elements should lead art work like music and general culture to the right place in disagreement with artistic snobbery. The significance of the music and cultural industries in the divine formation of the masses should be no exemption for suggestion on t heir legitimating, their crucial being and least of all by a discipline which perceives it to be practical. This report on Music industry as a cultural industry was written and submitted by user J0casta to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Competition in the Bookselling Industry essayEssay Writing Service

Competition in the Bookselling Industry essayEssay Writing Service Competition in the Bookselling Industry essay Competition in the Bookselling Industry essayThe competition in the bookselling industry depicted in the film reveals features of the monopolistic market, where a large company, Fox Books, tends to dominate the market, while smaller rivals are losing their position in the market fast being unable to compete with Fox Books.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joe Fox and Kathleen Kelly tend to use the low price strategy to force smaller rivals out of the market. They attempt to attract customers by low prices, while they sell the same or similar books that their smaller rivals do. As a result, customers prefer Fox Books to smaller rivals due to the lower price.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, Fox Books could use other, non-pricing strategies. The company could expand its business and its distribution network to reach a larger customer group. The company could also offer online services and sales along with shipping of books to customers. In additi on, the company could enhance its brand and promote its brand to take a competitive advantage, because customers often make their choices on the ground of the brand recognition.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The industry view on the sustainable competitive advantage implies that the company should take a strategic advantage over rivals through expanding its market share and gaining more customers. In contrast, the resource view on the sustainable competitive advantage implies that the competitive advantage is achieved through the access to the resources required for the production of a particular product or item. Therefore, the industry view implies the primary role of customers and their buying power, while the resource view implies the priority of suppliers as determinant factors contributing to the competitive advantage of the company.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Porter Five Forces model explains clearly the industry view on the sustainable competiti ve advantage. Porter Five Forces model involves five key forces that determine the competitive position of the company, including the bargain power of buyers, the bargain power of suppliers, the risk of substitutes, the rivalry in the industry, and the risk of new entrants. Changes of either of the five forces affect the competitive position of the company in the industry.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Resource Based Model implies the priority of the availability of resources and supplies as the determinant factor that influences the competitive position of the company. The ability of the company to take control over resources and suppliers of the required resources determine the competitive position of the company in the industry.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Porter Five Forces model is more applicable to the case of the bookselling industry described in the movie because Fox Books attempts to take the monopolistic position in the industry using not only suppliers and resources but also manipulating with the customer behavior by means of low pricing strategy, for example.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are different options to generate superior market position. The first strategy is the monopolization of the market through cutting prices and setting the lowest price in the industry to attract customers and encourage their loyalty to the brand. The second strategy is the accumulation of resources and setting control over suppliers to gain the full control over the industry and deprive rivals of key resources. The third strategy involves the intensive market expansion that leads to the growing brand recognition and popularity that helps the company to replace steadily its major rivals and push them out of the industry. The first strategy was used effectively by Fox Books.

Introduction to film 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to film 2 - Essay Example Compared with other media, the distinctness of film is verisimilitude (Metz, quoted in Lechte 1994: 78) – creating a definite kind of credible resemblance or similarity to the real world (Kuhn 1985: 269). Unlike theatre, which is too real, film obtains its real power from its ability to produce reality by crossing unreality. Ironically, it is on this basis – creating an illusion of reality – that film achieves its realism, because it is this capacity of film, that the attitude of the spectator of ‘suspension of disbelief’ is achieved and where the power of film depends (Lechte 1994: 78). This â€Å"experience of realism in cinema is intricately tied to the impression, that the events and persons depicted are somehow real† (Riis 2002: 93). Here also lies the paradox of films: despite the knowledge that films are only screened, spectators still genuinely felt the portrayed events are genuinely happening (Riis 2002: 93; Kuhn 1985: 268). Also, thi s ‘impression of reality’ – the film’s defining mark, gives film the privilege to challenge analysis (Lechte 1994: 78). Films usually use three different styles in screenwriting: narrative/linear – tells the story chronologically, non-linear – defies chronology for example Quentin Tarantino’s â€Å"Pulp Fiction† (1994) and documentary – presenting reality in real-time (Niche Express.net 2009: 1-2). Fiction usually utilises linear and non-linear, while documentary film the documentary. Although realism principally characterises both fiction and documentary film (Kuhn 1985: 269), they still differ in their notion of representation, verisimilitude, realism, and reality, distinguishing them from each other. Documentary films are â€Å"strictly speaking †¦ non-fictional, ‘slice of life’ factual works of art †¦ [also] known as cinema verite† (Dirks 2009: 1) – in French means ‘cinema truth’ (Niche